摘要:甲状腺癌的诊断(-9-3)。
★InitialWorkup
初始检查
◆Forapatientwithathyroidnodule,thefirststepistomeasuretheserumthyrotropin(thyroid-stimulatinghormone[TSH])levelandtodoanultrasoundofthethyroidandneck;allnodules(evenincidentalomas)shouldhavethisassessment;thereisnosizecutoff.3,46-48
对于患有甲状腺结节的患者,第一步是测量血清促甲状腺激素([TSH])水平,并对甲状腺和颈部进行超声检查。所有结节(甚至偶发瘤)都应进行此评估;没有大小限制。
TheTSHlevel,ultrasoundresults,andclinicalfeaturesareusedtodeterminewhetherisitnecessarytodofine-needleaspiration(FNA)ofthenoduleorwhetherthereisalowriskofmalignancy(seeNoduleEvaluationintheNCCNGuidelinesforThyroidCarcinoma).45,49
TSH水平,超声结果和临床特征用于确定是否需要进行结节的细针穿刺(FNA)或确定是否有恶性的风险(请参见《NCCN甲状腺癌指南》中的结节评估))。
◆FNAwithultrasoundguidanceistheprocedureofchoiceforevaluatingsuspiciousthyroidnodules.3,45,50
超声引导下的FNA是评估可疑甲状腺结节的程序。
DatashowthathigherTSHlevelsareassociatedwithanincreasedriskfordifferentiatedthyroidcarcinomainpatientswiththyroidnodules,althoughTSHandthyroglobulin(Tg)donotappeartobeusefulforscreeningforthyroidcancer.5-54
数据显示,尽管TSH和甲状腺球蛋白(Tg)似乎对筛查甲状腺癌没有用,但较高的TSH水平与分化型甲状腺癌的风险增加有关。
FNAshouldbeconsideredinpatientswithnormalorelevatedTSH,certainultrasoundfeatures,andclinicalfindings.FNAofclinicallysignificantorsuspiciouscervicallymphnodesshouldalsobeconsideredifidentifiedintheultrasonographicevaluationofthethyroidandneck.
TSH正常或升高,某些超声特征和临床表现的患者应考虑FNA。如果在甲状腺和颈部的超声检查中发现临床意义重大或可疑的颈部淋巴结也应该做FNA。
UltrasoundfeaturesthatincreasethethresholdforFNAaredescribedinthealgorithm(seeSonographicFeaturesinNoduleEvaluationintheNCCNGuidelinesforThyroidCarcinoma).Iodine23(23I)imagingisre